This paper aims to reveal the Ainu conception of the bear and bear ceremony, which enables them to hunt the deified bear, in terms of the Ainu bear ceremonial, their conception of kamui, and human-kamui relationships. Moreover, the Ainu and the Nivkh perform the bear ceremony for a bear cub reared by them, although the meaning of the ceremonies differ between them. The Ainu are known as one of the peoples, like the Sami, the Khanty, and the Nivkh, who perform a bear festival, although they deify the bear and refer to it using the term kamui.
The Hokkaido Ainu’s world view, for example, is deeply connected with their way of life, backed by man-nature relationships, and what this relationship symbolizes is always part of their rituals.
All nations have their own view of the world in which they live, nature, society, and the human self.
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